In recent years, as a new thing in China's educational reform, vocational undergraduate education has experienced a development process from scratch, from pilot to comprehensive promotion, and is trying to reverse people's inherent discrimination and prejudice against "vocational education"。Especially in the recent period of time, the Ministry of Education has issued a public announcement and intends to agree to set up 16 vocational education undergraduate colleges。In addition to the colleges and universities already established, there will be a total of 51 vocational education colleges and universities。为此，For specialized higher vocational schools，Vocational undergraduate education is ushering in a vigorous growth of development opportunities - until 2025，The planned enrollment of vocational undergraduate students will achieve the goal of not less than 10% of the total enrollment of higher vocational education，At present, the table is empty.，Eligible schools are gearing up。

机遇

To provide more development space for students, to provide a strong supply of talents for the society

For students, vocational undergraduate has been incorporated into the existing bachelor's degree awarding system, and vocational undergraduate provides more possibilities for a large number of ordinary students in the process of further study or employment。Especially for those students whose college entrance examination scores hover at the edge of the undergraduate admission line, or who have special skills in a certain field, vocational undergraduate colleges and universities closely combine the market demand, pay attention to the two-way development of theory and practice, and are easy to find jobs, which will undoubtedly provide new perspectives and ideas for voluntary application and professional selection。

For the society, it can provide strong talent and skill support for industrial development and social progress。By increasing the supply of high-level technical skills personnel and level，Effectively solve the problem that the technical and technical talents trained by vocational colleges are not enough in ability and level，The problem that the academic talents cultivated by ordinary undergraduate colleges are not useful，Solve the problem that education structure and industrial talent demand structure are difficult to match for a long time，To serve the construction of an innovative country and a skilled society，We will further enhance the ability to serve the high-quality economic and social development of the region。

挑战

The top-level system still needs to be improved, and the connotation construction needs to be strengthened

In general, for vocational schools, the development of vocational education undergraduate is both an opportunity and a challenge. To some extent, the challenge is greater than the opportunity, and there is still a long way to go。

First, from the macro level, the top-level system is not perfect。The development of vocational undergraduate education is relatively short，At present, the system of school setting standards, professional setting management measures, bachelor's degree authorization opinions has been issued，However, the indicators of the characteristics of vocational education types are not outstanding，Professional teaching standards, curriculum standards, on-the-job practice standards and other standard systems are still to be improved，The financial investment mechanism supporting the development of vocational undergraduate education has not yet been established，The development of high quality vocational undergraduate education faces a series of basic problems。

Second, from the micro level, the connotation construction of vocational college needs to be strengthened。At present, the vocational education undergraduate is still in the expansion period, the number of high-quality schools is small, their own capacity is limited, and various national platforms and key projects have not been opened to vocational undergraduates, and there is no similar project arrangement in the field of vocational education, so the role of vocational undergraduate education in leading and driving the reform of the vocational education system is not obvious。Some schools have problems such as weak ability to connect with the national strategy, unclear orientation of personnel training, and insufficient basic conditions for running schools, and the characteristics of vocational education types need to be enhanced。In addition, there are huge differences among schools in terms of school foundation, school philosophy and development orientation, and some schools are affected by the school philosophy of general undergraduate education, and there are fundamental problems such as deviation from the "track" of vocational education, and it is difficult to talk about leading the development of vocational education。

未来

Follow the rules, seek progress while maintaining stability, think systematically and promote in coordination

为此，建议坚持习近平总书记提出的“稳步发展职业本科教育”的要求，遵循职业教育办学规律，坚持稳中求进、系统思考、协同推进，进一步完善制度、准确定位、凝练模式、提升能力。

First, improve the system of institutions and standards。Vocational undergraduate education is an important form of vocational education system in most developed countries and regions, and its development model has been relatively mature。In order to promote China's vocational education international exchange and cooperation，For the sustainable and healthy development of vocational education，It is suggested that the guiding opinions on promoting the high-quality development of vocational undergraduate education should be developed as soon as possible，Clarify the development path of vocational undergraduate schools，Guide different sources and forms of vocational undergraduate education to adhere to the type orientation and highlight the characteristics of running schools，Improve the quality of schools。Under the guidance, as soon as possible to complete the on-the-job practice standards, practical training teaching conditions construction standards, evaluation standards, quality assurance standards and other work。

Second, the accurate positioning highlights the characteristics of vocational education。Avoid establishing vocational undergraduate schools as comprehensive universities, not seeking large volume, but seeking to adapt to the national strategic needs, grasp the digital opportunity, clarify the positioning characteristics of the school, rely on the supply and demand platform of industrial talents, and demonstrate the indispensability of opening a major。

The third is to explore the experience and model of vocational undergraduate education。Organize special classes to build and select a number of high-level vocational undergraduate schools with distinctive characteristics, create a development paradigm, demonstrate and drive the development of vocational undergraduate education, and establish a high-quality development brand。

Fourth, enhance the school's social service capacity。Guide vocational colleges to actively participate in the construction of industry-education integration community and city-wide industry-education consortium, give play to their school-running advantages, and drive the joint development of similar vocational schools in the industry and the region。Take the initiative to carry out cooperative training with ordinary colleges and universities and secondary and higher vocational schools, and expand the channels for vocational education graduates to grow into talents。Take the initiative to participate in high-level technology research and development projects, develop technology research for enterprises, and strengthen innovation capabilities and the level of transformation and application of results。

(The authors are Zong Cheng, Du Yunying and Wang Jingjie from the Institute of Vocational and Continuing Education, China National Institute of Education Sciences, and Zhu Zhengru from the Institute of Vocational Education, Anhui Mechanical and Electrical Vocational Technical College。This paper is one of the results of the key project [gxyqZD2021059] of Anhui Provincial University Outstanding Young Talents Support Program.

(From Modern Higher Vocational and Technical Education Network, information source: China Education Daily, July 9, 2024)